PAKISTAN RESOLUTION(1940)

                                              PAKISTAN RESOLUTION(1940)

In 1940,the annual session of Muslim League was held at Lahore in Minto Park (Iqbal Park).Under the chairmanship of Quaid-e-Azam and a resolution was passed on 23rd March,1940.The Resolution was moved by Bengal Chief Minister Maulvi Fazlul Haq and seconded by Chaudry Khaliq-uz-Zaman.It stated that:

"No Constitution plan would be workable in this country or acceptable to Muslims unless it is designed on the following basic principles,viz,that geographically contigous units are democrated into regions which should be so constituted,with such territorial adjustment as may necessary,that the areas in which Muslims are numerically in majority as in the North-Western and Eastern zones of India,should be grouped to constitute independent states in which the constituent units shall be autonomous and sovereign...adequate,effective and mandatory safeguards should be specifically provided in the constitution for minorities for the protection of their religion ,cultural,economic,political,administrative and other rights.

 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS OF QUAID-E-AZAM

The Quaid-e-Azam delivered a historic address at this moment highlighting the distinct national character of the Muslims of India.He said:
"Musalmans are not a minority at is commonly known and understood.One has only got to look around even today,According to the British map of India,out of 11 provinces,4 provinces where the Muslims dominate more or less are functioning not with standing the decision of the Congress High Command to non cooperate and prepare fore civi disobedience .Musalmans are nation according to any definition of a nation and they must have their homelands,their territory and their state.We wish to live in peace and harmony with our neighbours as a free and independent people.We wish our people to develope to the fullest our spritual,cultural,economic,social and political life in a way that we think best and in consonance with our own ideals and according to the genius of our people."

KARGIL WAR

                                                 KARGIL WAR(1999)

The Kargil Conflict was an armed conflict between India and Pakistan that took place between May and July 1999 in the Kargil district of Occupied Kashmir and elsewhere along the Line of Control (LOC). The conflict is also referred to as “Operation Koh-e-Paima”.The cause of the conflict was the infiltration of Pakistani soldiers and Kashmiri militants into positions on the Indian side of the LOC . Pakistani troops did not cross  the International Borders at any stage of the conflict. Pakistan’s objective was to drive Indians out of Siachin and highlight Kashmir Issue in the eyes of the world.

In the spring of 1999, on the orders of Pakistan Army Chief, General Pervez Musharraf, Pakistani soldiers climbed up the snow-bound passes and occupied some high positions, including Tiger Hill and Point 5353, in the vacant area and infiltrated almost 10 km into the Indian territory ( still short of International Border). These positions overlooked Indian National Highway (NH 1 D). Pakistan was in a strong position to cut off supplies and winter dumping and thus force Indians to withdraw from the Siachin Glacier.The Indians were caught off guard. They tried to evict the positions but failed miserably. They used a large number of Artillery guns and also used their air force against Pakistani positions. Two Indian aircraft were also shot down by Stinger Missiles. Indian aircraft violated Pakistani air space but they never admitted it openly. One of their pilots, Flight Lieutenant Nachiketa, who ejected after his aircraft was shot down, was captured from the Pakistani territory. Indians ultimately complained to the International community and finally on pressure by the USA, Pakistani Prime Minister, Nawaz Sharif, ordered the withdrawal of troops. Most of the casualties of “Operation Koh-e-Paima” were inflicted during the withdrawal. In General Musharraf’s words “A military victory was converted into a political defeat.”Indian army was sacred on that time this admitted his army chief during kargil war.

KHILAFAT MOVEMENT

                         KHILAFAT MOVEMENT(1919-1922)                                

The Khilafat movement was a very important event in the political history of India. The Muslims of India had a great regard for the Khilafat (Caliphate) which was held by the Ottoman Empire. During World War I, the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) joined the war in favour of Germany. But Turkey and Germany lost the war and a pact commonly known as Istanbul Accord was concluded between the Allied Forces on 3^rd November 1918. According to this Pact the territories of Turkey were to be divided among France, Greece and Britain. During the war the Indian Muslims were in a very awkward position, because they had a deep-rooted devotion to the caliphate. They had profound respect for this holy institution. Therefore, their support to the British Government was subject to the safeguard and protection of the holy places of Turkey and on the condition that Turkey will not to be deprived of its territories. But the British Government could not fulfill both of these promises. The Treaty of Savers 1920 was imposed on Turkey and its territories like Samarna, Thrace and Anatolia were wrested from it and distributed among European countries. A wave of anger swept across the Muslin World and the Indian Muslims rose against the British Government. Muslim leaders like Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad, Moulana Muhammad Ali Johar, Moulana Shoukat Ali and others reacted against the British Government policy and were put behind the bars. 
Thus, Muslims organized a mass movement, which came to be known as Khilafat Movement. The aims of this movement were
(a) To protect the Holy place of Turkey
(b) To restore the Territories of Turkey
(c) To restore the Ottoman Empire.
In December 1919 both the Khilafat Committee and Congress held their meetings simultaneously at Amritsar and a delegation was prepared which was sent to England under the leadership of Maulana Mohammad Ali Johar to see the British Prime Minister, Cabinet Member and Members of Parliament and to explain the Indian point of view regarding the Khilafat. The delegation visited England in 1920. The leaders of the delegation addressed the House of Commons and saw the British Prime Minister, Lloyd George who paid no heed to the delegations demand. The delegation stayed at London for eight months and won many hearts and sympathies of people in Britain delivering speeches. However, the delegation returned to India unsuccessful in October 1920.
After the unsuccessful visit to England the leaders of Khilafat Movement realized the fact that British were not in the mood to help them. Therefore, they realized that a new strategy needed to be adopted in order to reinvigorate the zest and zeal for freedom among a general populace. With this aim they decided to launch a movement of Non Co-operation. When the leaders of Khilafat movement announced the Non Co-operation Movement, the Congress extended its full support to the Khilafat Movement. The leaders of the two met at Amritsar and resolved to launch a country wide agitation under the leadership of Mr. Gandhi. The agitation was against the British government. The Jamiat-ul-Ulama Hind issued a Fatwa of Tark-e-Mawalat. The following points were included in it:
1.         Renunciation of all Government titles.
2.         Boycott of legislature and court.
3.         Withdrawal of student’s from educational institutions.
4.         Resignation from government posts.
5.         General civil disobedience.
As a result of this proclamation of fatwa, hundreds of thousands people returned the titles and stopped sending their children to government schools and colleges. All those highly educated young men who could have rose to high government positions bade farewell to their bright future and accepted ordinary jobs in the private sector. The vacuum created in government offices was joyfully filled in by Hindus, while the Muslim government employees willingly accepted starvation for the sake of the Muslim cause.
Under the hypnotism of Mr. Gandhi, Muslim ulama had issued a verdict and declared India as Dar-ul-Harab and the Muslims therefore needed to migrate to some other country or Dar-ul-Salam. Thousands of families sold out their properties for a tenth of their value and hastily left for Afghanistan, in August 1920. As many as eighteen thousand people marched towards Afghanistan, which was unable to bear the influx of the people. Thus, the Afghan authorities closed their frontiers. Eventually the Muhajarins had to return to their homes. A great number of old man, women and children died on their way during returning to homes and those who luckily reach alive their former places. They found themselves homeless and penniless. In fact they faced great difficulties. Even the preachers of Khilafat Movement realized the fact.
In January 1921, nearly three thousands students of various colleges and schools boycotted their classes and a number of teachers most of them were Muslims tendered their resignation. The Movement became so powerful that the Government was obliged to pay attention to the problem. The British Government invited Seth Jan-Muhammad Chutani, the President of Khilafat conference to visit London to discuss the issue. A delegation under has leadership visited London and discussed the sentiment of Muslims but the delegation also returned unsuccessfully.
The Khilafat Movement came to an end when thousands of Indians were put behind the bar. The leaders in spite of their best efforts could not maintain the Hindu-Muslim Unity. One of the main reasons which caused a death blow to Khilafat Movement was the indirect announcement of Gandhi to discontinue the Non Co-operation Movement. Gandhi used an incident of arson on February 1922, when a violent mob set on fire a police choki at Chora Churi at district Gorakpur, burning twenty one constables to death as an excuse to call off the non-cooperation movement. It adversely affected the Khilafat Movement which thought to be integral part of movement. In 1924, Kamal Ataturk set up a government on democratic basis in Turkey by abolishing Khilafat as a system of government which served a finishing blow to Khilafat Movement in India and people had lost whatever interest that they had in the movement.
Failure of the Movement:
1.         The abolition of Khilafat by Kamal Ataturk was a serious blow on Khilafat movement in the sub-continent and he exiled Sultan Abdul Majeed, a helpless Caliph and abolished Khilafat as an institution, due to this all agitational activities came to an end in the Sub-continent.
2.         The Hijrat Movement made the Muslims disillusioned with the Khilafat Movement due to the declaration of India as Darul-Harab. A large number of Muslims migrated from Sindh and N.W.F.P to Afghanistan. The Afghan authorities did not allow them to cross the border. After this tragic event those who had advocated the Hijrat movement come to realize their mistake which resulted in failure of movement.
3.         When Khilafat movement became mature and was reaching its climax. A tragic incident took place in the village of Chora Churi in which the police opened fire on the procession of local resident. The agitated mob in counteraction set the police station on fires which in result twenty one police constables were burnt alive. Due to this incident the Ali brother and other Muslim leader were arrested and Mr. Gandhi put off the movement. As a consequence the movement lost its intensity.
Conclusion:
The Khilafat movement was started to safeguard the Khilafat in Turkey, an issue which essentially belonged to the Muslims. By the involvement of Hindus the Movement grew forceful and there was possibility of meeting the movement with success. The British Government was the common enemy of the Muslims and Hindus. That is why, both the nations continued united efforts against it. But the difference between the Hindus and Muslims became even more pronounced and many other events showed that the opposition of Hindus to British Government was not lasting. When Khilafat Movement reached at its success, the Hindus especially Mr. Gandhi gave up from movement and leaved the Muslims alone and caused the failure of Movement.
The Khilafat movement proved that Hindus and Muslims were two different nations as they could not continue the unity and could not live together. The Khilafat Movement created political consciousness among the Indian Muslims, which inspired them to constitute another movement for then Independence. Thus, they started Pakistan Movement.

3rd JUNE PLAN(1947)

                                 3rd JUNE PLAN(1947)

3rd June Plan and Lord Mountbatten

Lord Mountbatten became the viceroy of India in March 1947. He tried his best to keep India United but of no avail. He concluded that there was no solution to Indian problems except partition of it.

3rd June Plan and the Creation of Pakistan

On 3rd June 1947 the viceroy announced the partition plan in a joint conference of Congress and Muslim League leaders in Delhi. The plan came to be known as 3rd June Plan. Some important points of the plan were as under:

The Indian Independence Bill 1947

Power would be given to Pakistan by 14th August 1947. This bill was passed and came to be known as Independence Bill 1947.

Separate Session

A clause was incorporated in the 3rd June Plan that separate session of Muslim and Hindu Members of the Assemblies of Punjab and Bengal would be held to decide whether their provinces were in favour of the partition, and how it would take place.

New Boundaries

the new boundaries of these provinces would be decided by a commission.

Sindh Assembly

Sindh Assembly would decide the future state of the province through the majority of volte. Sindh Assembly voted for Pakistan.

People of N.W.F.P and Sylhet

The people of N.W.F.P and Sylhet would decide their status through a referendum. N.W.F.P and Sylhet also decided to join Pakistan.

Conclusion

The viceroy announced the plan on 3rd June 1947. According to the plan it was decided to transfer the power on the midnight of the 14th and 15th August 1947 instead of 3rd June 1947.

QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT(Aug-1942)

                                                QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT(AUG-1942)

The Quit India Movement was a civil disobedience movement launched in India in August 1942 in response to Mohandas Gandhi’s call for immediate independence. The All-India Congress Committee proclaimed a mass protest demanding what Gandhi called “an orderly British withdrawal” from India. The call for determined, but passive resistance appears in his call to Do or Die, issued on 8 August at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Bombay.

The British were prepared to act. Almost the entire Indian National Congress leadership, and not just at the national level, was imprisoned without trial within hours after Gandhi’s speech at least 60,000. Most spent the rest of the war in prison and out of contact with the masses. The British had the support of the Viceroy’s Council (which had a majority of Indians), of the Muslims, the Communist Party, the princely states, the Imperial and state police, the Indian Army, and the Indian Civil Service. Many Indian businessmen were profiting from heavy wartime spending and did not support Quit India. Many militant students paid more attention to Subhas Chandra Bose, who was in exile and supporting the Axis. The only outside support came from the Americans, as President Franklin D. Roosevelt pressured Prime Minister Winston Churchill to give in to Indian demands. The Quit India campaign was effectively crushed. The British refused to grant immediate independence, saying it could happen only after the war ended. In 1939 Indian nationalists were angry that the British Governor-General of India, Lord Linlithgow, had without consultation with them brought India into the war.

At the outbreak of war, the Congress Party had passed a resolution during the Wardha meeting of the working-committee in September 1939, conditionally supporting the fight against fascism, but was rebuffed when they asked for independence in return. Gandhi had not supported this initiative, as he could not reconcile an endorsement for war (he was a committed believer in non-violent resistance to tyranny, used in the Indian Independence Movement and proposed even against Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, and Hideki Tojo). However, at the height of the Battle of Britain, Gandhi had stated his support for the fight against racism and of the British war effort, stating he did not seek to raise a free India from the ashes of Britain. However, opinions remained divided.

After the onset of the war, only a group led by Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose took any decisive action. Bose organized the Indian National Army with the help of the Japanese, and, soliciting help from the Axis Powers conducted a guerrilla war against the British authorities. The purpose of the mission was to negotiate with the Indian National Congress a deal to obtain total co-operation during the war, in return of progressive devolution and distribution of power from the crown and the Viceroy to elected Indian legislature. The talks failed, having failed to address the key demand of a timetable of self-government and of definition of the powers to be relinquished, and essentially portraying an offer of limited dominion-status that was wholly unacceptable to the Indian movement.

The Congress Working Committee meeting at Wardha (14th July, 1942) passed a resolution demanding complete independence from the British government. The draft proposed massive civil disobedience if the British did not accede to the demands. However, it proved to be controversial within the party. A prominent Congress national leader Chakravarti Rajgopalachari quit the Congress over this decision, and so did some local and regional level organizers. Jawaharlal Nehru and Maulana Azad were apprehensive and critical of the call, but backed it and stuck with Gandhi’s leadership till the end. On August 8, 1942 the Quit India Resolution was passed at the Bombay session of the All India Congress Committee (AICC). In his Quit India speech that day at Gowalia Tank, Bombay, and Gandhi told Indians to follow non-violent civil disobedience. He told the masses to act as an independent nation. His call found support among a large amount of Indians.

The Congress had little success in rallying other political forces under a single flag and program. Smaller parties like the Hindu Mahasabha opposed the call. The Communist Party of India strongly opposed the Quit India movement and supported the war effort because of the need to assist the Soviet Union, despite support for Quit India by many industrial workers. In response the British lifted the ban on the party. The movement had less support in the princely states, as the princes were strongly opposed and funded the opposition.

Muslim leaders opposed Quit India. Muhammad Ali Jinnah’s opposition to the call led to large numbers of Muslims cooperating with the British, and enlisting in the army. The Muslim League gained large numbers of new members. Congress members resigned from provincial legislatures, enabling the League to take control in Sind, Bengal and Northwest Frontier. Although at the national level the ability to galvanize rebellion was limited, the movement is notable for regional success especially at Satara, Talcher, and Midnapore. In Tamluk and Contai subdivisions of Midnapore, the local populace was successful in establishing parallel governments, which continued to function, until Gandhi personally requested the leaders to disband in 1944. A minor uprising took place in Ballia, now the easternmost district of Uttar Pradesh. People overthrew the district administration, broke open the jail, released the arrested Congress leaders and established their own independent rule. It took weeks before the British could reestablish their writ in the district. Of special importance in Saurashtra (in western Gujarat) was the role of the region’s ‘baharvatiya’ tradition (i.e. going outside the law) which abetted the sabotage activities of the movement there. In rural west Bengal, the Quit India Movement was fueled by peasants’ resentment against the new war taxes and the forced rice exports. There was open resistance to the point of rebellion in 1942 until the great famine of 1943 suspended the movement.

One of the achievements of the movement was to keep the Congress party united through all the trials and tribulations that followed. The British, already alarmed by the advance of the Japanese army to the India-Burma border, responded by imprisoning Gandhi. All the members of the Party’s Working Committee (national leadership) were imprisoned as well. Due to the arrest of major leaders, a young and till then relatively unknown Aruna Asaf Ali presided over the AICC session on August 9 and hoisted the flag; later the Congress party was banned. These actions only created sympathy for the cause among the population. Despite lack of direct leadership, large protests and demonstrations were held all over the country. Workers remained absent en masse and strikes were called. Not all demonstrations were peaceful, at some places bombs exploded, government buildings were set on fire, electricity was cut and transport and communication lines were severed.

The British swiftly responded with mass detentions. Over 100,000 arrests were made, mass fines were levied and demonstrators were subjected to public flogging. Hundreds of resisters and innocent people were killed in police and army shootings. Many national leaders went underground and continued their struggle by broadcasting messages over clandestine radio stations, distributing pamphlets and establishing parallel governments. The British sense of crisis was strong enough that a battleship was specifically set aside to take Gandhi and the Congress leaders out of India, possibly to South Africa or Yemen but ultimately did not take that step out of fear of intensifying the revolt

The ‘Quit India’ movement, more than anything, united the Indian people against British rule. Although most demonstrations had been suppressed by 1944, upon his release in 1944 Gandhi continued his resistance and went on a 21-day fast. By the end of the Second World War, Britain’s place in the world had changed dramatically and the demand for independence could no longer be ignored.

ISLAMIC HISTORY

                                             ISLAMIC HISTORY

1: Deen-e-hanif is an old name of islam.

2: Hazrat Umer accepted islam in 616 AD.

3: Hazrat Ali has the title gate way of knowledge.

4: Real name of Hazrat Abu Bakar was Abdullah.

5: The eldest daughter of Prophet (PBUH) was Zainab.

6: In the first battle of badar Hazrat Ali killed Walid bin utba.

7: Abu Jehal was killed in Ghazwa Badar.

8: Mountain Uhad is located in Madina.

9: In 9th hijrah the zakat order was revealed.

10: The incident of Mihraj has been discussed in surah Bani-Israel.

11: First revelation written by Kh alid Bin Saeed.

12: Hazrat Umar proposed azan for the first time.

 13: The battle of Uhad fought in the year of 3 Nabvi.

 14: Hajre Aswad means black stone.

 15: First muslim interpreter  of Quran in english is Khalifa Abdul Hakeem.

CURRENT FEDERAL MINISTERS

                              CURRENT MINISTERS OF FEDERAL CABINET

1: Minister of petroleum and gas is  SHAHID KHAKAN ABBASI.

2: Minister of information and broadcasting is PERVEZ RASHEED.

3: Minister of trade and commerce is KHURRAM DASTAGIR.

4: Minister of textile of production is ABBAS KHAN AFRIDI.

5: Minister of housing and works is AKRAM KHAN DURRANI.

6: Minister of planning and development is AHSAN IQBAL.

7: Minister of ports and shipping is KAMRAN MICHEAL.

8: Minister of railway is KHAWAJA SAAD RAFIQUE.

9: Minister of science and technology is ZAHID HAMID.

10: Minister of overseas Pakistani is PIR SADARUDDIN SHAH.

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE QUESTIONS

                                GENERAL KNOWLEDGE QUESTIONS

 1: Current chairmen of FBR is  TARIQ BAJWA.

 2: The headquarter of NATO is located in BRUSSELS.

 3: The currency of INDONESIA is RUPIAH.

 4: International court of justice is located is in THE HAGUE.

 5: AFP is the news agency of  FRANCE.

 6: Ariana is the airline of Afghanistan.

 7: When Liaquat Ali Khan joined muslim league in 1923.

 8:  Battle of badar was fought in 624 AD.

 9:  Who is the author of Harry Potter series is JK Rowling.

 10: Hardest substance of the earth is Platinum.

 11: Habib bank of Pakistan was established in 1942.

 12: First women governer of state bank was Dr.Shahmaad Akhter.

 13: Pakistan won 1992 world cup against England.

 14: First cricket world cup won by WestIndies.

 15: Current I.G of Sindh is Ghulam Haider Jamali.

 16: First chief justice of Pakistan was Abdul Rasheed.

 17: Pakistan's first coined was issued on 3rd Jan 1947.

 18: The capital of Australia is Canberra.

 19: Quaid-e-Azam's mother tongue was Gujrati.

 20: Sir Victor Turner first time signed Pakistan's currency note.

 21: Abdur Rehman made the design of Pakistan's first stamp ticket.

 22: Hari Pur is famous for telephone industry.

 23: Mirat khan prepared the map of Minar e Pakistan.

 24: National animal of Pakistan is Makhor.

 25: Present Chairmen of senate is Nayyer Hussain.

 30: National flag was prepared by Ameer-ud-din.

 31: World trade organization was established in 1995.

 32: The headquarter of Red Cross is in Geneva.

 33: On 25 Feb 1948 urdu declared a national language of Pakistan.

 34: Karachi University was established on May 11,1951.

 35: Mulvi Abdul Haq was died in Karachi in 1961.

 36: First trade agreement between Pakistan and China in Jan 5,1963.

 37: Korakarm Highway between Pakistan and China opened Feb 1971.

 38: Fatima jinnah was died on 9 july 1967.

 39: Establishment of Federal Shariat Court in 1980.

 40: NATO was established in 1949.

 41: SEATO was established in 1954.

 42: OIC was established in 1969.

 43: Al-Tahrir square is in Egypt.

 44: President United States during world war-1 was President Wilson.
 
 45: President of United States during Civil war was President Lincoln.

 46: The Constitution of United States was enforced on 4 July 1789.

LIST OF GOVERNER GENERALS PRESIDENTS AND PRIME MINISTERS

                             GOVERNER GENERALS OF PAKISTAN

1:Quaid-e-Azam Mohammed Ali Jinnah          14-8-1947 to 11-9-1948

2:Khwaja Nazimuddin                                11-9-1948 to 11-11-1951(AS ACTING GOVERNER)

                                                                  12-11-1948 to 19-10-1951(AS GOVERNER GENERAL)

3: Mr. Ghulam Mohammed                          19-10-1951 to 7-8-1955

4:Major General Iskander Mirza                   6-10-1955 to 23-3-1956(AS GOVERNER GENERAL)

  

   After this the first constitution of Pakistan was passed by Chaudhry Muhammad Ali on
   23 march 1956 in assembly and Governer Gerneral changed into presidency,the 
  ISKANDER MIRZA was first president of this country and remain at 27-10-1958.

                                 PRESIDENTS IN PAKISTAN
                               PRIME MINISTERS IN PAKISTAN
2: Khawaja Nazimuddin                           October 17, 1951 - April 17, 1953
3: Muhammad Ali Bogra                           April 17, 1953 - August 12, 1955
4: Chaudhry Muhammad Ali                      August 12, 1955 - September 12, 1956
5: Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy               September 12, 1956 - October 17, 1957
7: Sir Feroz Khan Noon                           December 16, 1957 - October 7, 1958
8: Mohammad Ayub Khan                        October 7, 1958 - October 28, 1958  
11: Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq                      July 5, 1977 - March 24, 1985 
13: Benazir Bhutto                                 Dec 2, 1988 - August 6, 1990
15: Nawaz Sharif                                   November 6, 1990 - April 18, 1993
16: Balakh Sher Mazari                           April 18, 1993 - May 26, 1993  
19: Pervez Musharraf                             October 12, 1999 - November 23, 2002 
20: Zafarullah Khan Jamali                       November 21, 2002 - June 26, 2004)
21: Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain                 June 30 2004, August 28 2004
22: Shaukat Aziz                                   August 28, 2004- Present

1:Iskander Mirza                                       March 23, 1956 to October 27, 1958
2:Muhammad Ayub Khan                           October 27, 1958 - March 25, 1969 
3:Yahya Khan                                         March 25, 1969 - December 20, 1971
4:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto                                 December 20, 1971 - August 13, 1973
5:Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry                              13-Aug-1973 to September 16, 1978  
6:Muhammad Zia ul-Haq                           September 16, 1978 - August 17, 1988 
7:Ghulam Ishaq Khan                               August 17, 1988 - July 18, 1993
8:Wasim Sajjad                                       July 18, 1993 - November 14, 1993  
9:Farooq Leghari                                     November 14, 1993 - December 2, 1997 
10:Wasim Sajjad                                     December 2, 1997 - January 1, 1998   
11:Muhammad Rafiq Tarar                        January 1, 1998 - June 20, 2001

12:Pervez Musharraf                               June 20,2001 - August 18,2008

13:Asif Zardari                                       September 6,2008 - September 8,2013

14:Mamnoon Hussain                               July 30,2013 and Soo on

1: Liaquat Ali Khan                                 August 14, 1947 to October 16, 1951

6:Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar                      October 17, 1957 - December 16, 1957

9: Nurul Amin                                        December 7, 1971 - December 20, 1971  

10: Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto                             August 14, 1973 - July 5, 1977

12: Muhammad Khan Junejo                     March 24, 1985 - May 29, 1988

14: Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi                        August 6, 1990 - November 6, 1990

17: Moin Qureshi                                   July 18, 1993 - October 19, 1993  

18: Miraj Khalid                                     November 5, 1996 - February 17, 1997

ABBREVATIONS

                                                 ABBREVIATIONS 
 1: SAARC stands for South Asian Association For Regional Corporation.

 2: NATO stands for North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

 3: IMF stands for International Monetary Funds.

 4: ADB stands for Asian Development Bank.

 5: ISI stands for Inter Service Intelligence.

 6: CENTO stands for Central Treaty Organization.

 7: ISPR stands for Inter Service Public Relations.

 8: BBC stands for British Broadcasting Corporation.

 9: CNN stands for Cable News Network.

 10: ECP stands for Election Commission of Pakistan.

 11: CJP stands for Chief Justice of Pakistan.

 12: HRM stands for Human Resource Management. 

HISTORY ISLAMIA COLLEGE PESHAWAR

                           

                            
                              

                    Islamia College Peshawar 

Islamia College Peshawar, the symbol of academic excellence is rich in history. Its building, which is the best embodiment of Muslim civilization in south Asia and its lush green lawns attract visitors from all over the country and abroad. It is not only the culminating point of the Aligarh Movement, it is in fact the beautiful combination of Aligarh and Deoband Schools of Thought. Being the breeding ground of the Pashtun intelligentsia, this great seat of learning is the pla.ce, where diamonds are skimmed since 1913. Moreover, Islamia College Peshawar was destined to become mother institution of the three universities and several colleges on its campus. The credit of this goes to Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum, who is commonly called The Sir Sayyed of the Frontier and his sincere colleagues, who founded Islamia College Peshawar in 1913.Islamia College Peshawar is the best example of endowments. According to the Board of Trustees, the College, which is spread over 300 acres of land, has 1089 Jaribs cultivable land in Harichand, Rai Killi and Tarnab, (District Charsadda). In addition to this there are 395 shops and flats in the Khyber Bazaar Peshawar and main bazaar Charsadda. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah visited this College in 1936, 1945 and 1948. Quaid-e-Azam who became lifelong honorary member of the Khyber Union ICP in 1936 made the College one of the heirs of his property in 1939. The Quaid Trust later on paid an amount of Rs.1, 08, 11, 600 /- in different installments to the College

WAR OF 1965

                                

      

                              Indo-Pakistan war of 1965

The second Indo-Pakistani conflict (1965) was also fought over Kashmir and started without a formal declaration of war. The war began in August 5, 1965 and was ended Sept 22, 1965.

The war was initiated by Pakistan who since the defeat of India by China in 1962 had come to believe that Indian military would be unable or unwilling to defend against a quick military campaign in Kashmir, and because the Pakistani government was becoming increasingly alarmed by Indian efforts to integrate Kashmir within India. There was also a perception that there was widespread popular support within for Pakistani rule and that the Kashmiri people were disatisfied with Indian rule.

After Pakistan was successful in the Rann of Kutch earlier in 1965, Ayub Khan (by nature a cautious person) was pressured by the hawks in his cabinet (led by Z.A. Bhutto) and the army to infiltrate the ceasefire line in Kashmir. The action was based on the incorrect premise that indigenous resistance could be ignited by a few saboteurs. Ayub resisted the idea as he foresaw India crossing the international frontier in retaliation at a point of its choosing. The Bhutto faction, which included some prominent generals, put out the canard that Ayub's cowardice stemmed from his desire to protect his newly acquired wealth. It was boasted at the time that one Pakistani soldier was equal to four Indian soldiers and so on.

On August 5, 1965 between 26,000 and 33,000 Pakistani soldiers crossed the Line of Control dressed as Kashmiri locals headed for various areas within Kashmir. Indian forces, tipped off by the local populace, crossed the cease fire line on August 15.

The initial battles between India and Pakistan were contained within Kashmir involving both infantry and armor units with each country's air force playing major roles. It was not until early Sept. when Pakistani forces attacked Ackhnur that the Indians escalated the conflict by attacking targets within Pakistan itself, forcing the Pakistani forces to disengage from Ackhnur to counter Indian attacks.

The largest engagement of the war occurred in the Sialkot region where some 400 to 600 tanks squared off. Unfortunately the battle was indecisive.

By Sept 22 both sides had agreed to a UN mandated cease-fire ending the war that had by that point reached a stalemate.

Overall, the war was militarily inconclusive; each side held prisoners and some territory belonging to the other. Losses were relatively heavy--on the Pakistani side, twenty aircraft, 200 tanks, and 3,800 troops. Pakistan's army had been able to withstand Indian pressure, but a continuation of the fighting would only have led to further losses and ultimate defeat for Pakistan. Most Pakistanis, schooled in the belief of their own martial prowess, refused to accept the possibility of their country's military defeat by "Hindu India" and were, instead, quick to blame their failure to attain their military aims on what they considered to be the ineptitude of Ayub Khan and his government.

Pakistan was rudely shocked by the reaction of the United States to the war. Judging the matter to be largely Pakistan s fault, the United States not only refused to come to Pakistan s aid under the terms of the Agreement of Cooperation, but issued a statement declaring its neutrality while also cutting off military supplies. The Pakistanis were embittered at what they considered a friend's betrayal, and the experience taught them to avoid relying on any single source of support. For its part, the United States was disillusioned by a war in which both sides used United States-supplied equipment. The war brought other repercussions for the security relationship as well. The United States withdrew its military assistance advisory group in July 1967. In response to these events, Pakistan declined to renew the lease on the Peshawar military facility, which ended in 1969. Eventually, United States-Pakistan relations grew measurably weaker as the United States became more deeply involved in Vietnam and as its broader interest in the security of South Asia waned.

Iran, Indonesia, and especially China gave political support to Pakistan during the war, thus suggesting new directions in Pakistan that might translate into support for its security concerns. Most striking was the attitude of the Soviet Union. Its post-Khrushchev leadership, rather than rallying reflexively to India's side, adopted a neutral position and ultimately provided the good offices at Tashkent, which led to the January 1966 Tashkent Declaration that restored the status quo ante.

The aftermath of the 1965 war saw a dramatic shift in Pakistan's security environment. Instead of a single alignment with the United States against China and the Soviet Union, Pakistan found itself cut off from United States military support, on increasingly warm terms with China, and treated equitably by the Soviet Union. Unchanged was the enmity with which India and Pakistan regarded each other over Kashmir. The result was the elaboration of a new security approach, called by Ayub Khan the "triangular tightrope"--a tricky endeavor to maintain good ties with the United States while cultivating China and the Soviet Union. Support from other developing nations was also welcome. None of the new relationships carried the weight of previous ties with the United States, but, taken together, they at least provided Pakistan with a political counterbalance to India.

SIMON COMMISSION(1927)

                                    Simon Commission(1927)

In Government of India act, 1919 there was a provision, that to examine the constitutional reforms and to know the reaction of Montage-Chelmsford reforms after ten years a government will appoint a commission who will make recommendations for adequate amendment. According to government Montage-Chelmsford reforms were infavor of Indian natives but on the opposite side the Indian natives were not satisfied of these reformers it was against their expectation So, however some things was better than nothing but it was reality that government was failed to get the favor of Indian people.

In, 1927 Lord Irwin was Viceroy of India. Who appoint a commission under instruction of British government which was consist of seven members under Sir John Simon.  Sir John Simon was its chairman. The instruction were given to the chairman that they had to investigate the Indian constitution problems then they had to present a detailed report in which they mentioned the adequate reforms .All the members of commission were British, even they did not included a single Indian member. Indian leaders make them to realize that to examine the problems and felling of Indian nation they should appoint Indian member in commission so, they can solve the problems of Indian people because without this they cannot take any decision for the future of Indian.

Simon commission reached at Bombay on 3^rd February, 1928.Before the arrival of this commission all the leaders decided that in any case they all will boycott the commission.One day before the arrival of commission viceroy lord Irwin requested them to cooperate with commission but the non-governmental people took it easy. On February, 1928 when the budget session was going to start in assembly they decided to present the resolution for boycott of Simon commission. RajaGhazanfar Ali, Nawab Ismaeel Khan LalaLajpatRai had already spread a wave against the commission. Firstly, Nawab Ismaeel was not agreeing to boycott the commission because he thought that if we boycott against it than it will promote the congress.On16th February, 1928LalaLajpatRai who was the member of the assemblypresented the movement of boycott of commission. The movement was accepted with 62 votes out of 68 except this it was also decided that the members were not going to be sent who were appointed by the central assembly. If the governments itself appoint them they themselves refused to sit with them. Council of commission selected three members but there were restrictions that they will only help them when the commission will needed them.

Unfortunately, at that time Muslim league was decided into two groups Shafi league and Jinnahleague. The confusion amongst them was temporary but during thisperiod Muslim clearlygets to know the intentions of Hindus. Because of this contradiction ideology Sir Shafi supported commission. The reason which he explained to support the commission was that by opposing the commission Hindus will get more chances on government level.According to his idea the congress was Hindu party and every step of Hindus on politics will be against Muslims, If Hindus were opposing the commission it does not mean that theywant to cooperate with Muslims. It was just because that they want to pressgovernment to fulfill their demands.

When Sir John Simon reached Delhi from Bombay he announced that he will considered the opinion of selective members and will make a committee consist on a few members. The committee will always be with them. But the people of India were not satisfied with this announcement. TheCommission started his Indian tour. There were strikes in all over India against commission. But in Lahore there were extreme conditions. On30th October, 1928 the commission reached Lahore through train. People were gathered at the station; at noon big crowd was raising slogans “Simon Go Back”.LalaLajpatRai, Molana Abdul Qadir Qureshi, and MolanaZafar Ali were leading the procession. When they reached near Landa Bazaar there were fence of wires. The procession stopped there and raising slogans against commission. Then suddenly the clash started between police and protesters. The police officer Mr. Scott started beaten the people who were in front line. During this LalaLajpat was hit near his heart at that time he never feel pain but after few days he died of this. The Commission never stopped his work although people were opposing it. And at last on April, 1929 after the tour of India they went back and finally presented their report.

There were following recommendations on Commissions report:

1. The Diarchy system in the provinces should be abolished and all the portfolios should be handed over to the provincial ministers.
2. The power of the central government and the provincial governors should be reduced.
3. Federal system of government should be introduced in India.
4. The right to vote should be extended to more people.
5. An expert committee should be constituted regarding the separation of Sindh from Bombay. The separation of Sindh was not granted in principal. First there would have to be a close and detailed enquiry into the financial consequences which would follow such a step.
6. The demand of the frontier for equal status was also neglected.“The inherent right of a man to smoke a cigarette”, said the report“must necessarily be curtailed if he lived in a powered magazine.”